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Namaz: Connecting the Soul with Allah

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Namaz, also known as Salah, is the daily prayer that forms a cornerstone of a Muslim's faith and practice. It fosters a profound connection with Allah, providing spiritual, emotional, and physical benefits. This guide covers all aspects of Namaz, including its importance, procedure, benefits, and flexibility.

Importance of Namaz

Namaz is one of the five pillars of Islam and is obligatory for all Muslims. It instills discipline, gratitude, and submission to Allah. By observing Namaz, a believer maintains their bond with the Creator and finds solace and guidance amidst life’s challenges. Neglecting this duty can weaken this connection, while consistent practice brings inner peace and divine rewards.

Call to Prayer and Prohibited Times

The Adhan, the call to prayer, invites Muslims with melodious words praising Allah and reminding them of their duty. However, there are forbidden times for prayer, such as when the sun is rising, at its zenith, or setting, to avoid resemblance to certain non-Islamic rituals. Despite this, certain prayers, like missed obligatory prayers, can be offered at any time.

Namaz Timings

Muslims must perform Namaz at its prescribed times, based on the position of the sun. Below is an overview of the prayer timings:

Prayer Name Approximate Time Range
Fajr Dawn till sunrise
Zuhr After midday till afternoon
Asr Late afternoon till sunset
Maghrib After sunset till twilight
Isha Night till midnight (or later)

Flexibility and Accessibility

Prayer is highly accessible, even for travelers or those with challenging schedules. A traveler can shorten or combine certain prayers, and a sick person can perform them sitting or lying down. Missed prayers should be made up as soon as possible, whether later in the day or the next. Additionally, women on their periods are exempt from praying but may sit on a prayer mat for other acts of worship like dua or dhikr.

Eid and Special Prayers

Prayers during Eid, such as Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr, are festive and can be performed in the mosque or at home. Eating before Eid al-Fitr prayer and fasting before Eid al-Adha prayer are common traditions. Special prayers like Istikhara (guidance) and Salat-ul-Istisqa (for rain) reflect the personal and community-centered nature of Islamic worship.

Leadership and Gender in Prayer

In congregational prayers, men generally lead, but women can lead other women in prayer. A woman may also lead her family in informal prayers, showcasing the inclusivity of Islamic worship. Men and women pray in separate spaces or sections in communal settings, ensuring focus and modesty.

Etiquette and Practicalities

While a prayer mat is commonly used, it is not obligatory—any clean surface suffices. Prayers can be brief, lasting just a few minutes, though their impact is long-lasting. Reciting familiar verses, such as Surah Al-Fatihah, repeatedly is permissible, emphasizing ease over perfection.

Raka’at Chart

Sunnah mentioned before farz is offered before farz prayer and the sunnah mentioned after farz is prayed after farz namaz.

Prayer Sunnah Fard Sunnah Nafl Witr Total
Fajr 2 2 - - - 4
Zuhr 4 4 2 2 - 12
Asr 4 4 - - - 8
Maghrib - 3 2 2 - 7
Isha 4 4 2 4 3 17

Procedure of Namaz with Complete Duas

Namaz involves specific steps, each accompanied by recitations. Here’s a step-by-step guide:.

  1. Takbir (Opening)

    Raise hands and say:

    • اللهُ أكْبَرُ
    • اللِہ سِب سے بَڑا ہے
    • Allah is the Greatest
  2. Qiyam (Standing Position)

    Recite Surah Al-Fatihah followed by another Surah.

    • اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الْعٰلَمِيْنَۙ` الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِۙ مٰلِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّيْنِۗ اِیَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَ اِیَّاكَ نَسْتَعِيْنُۖ اِہْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيْمَۙ صِرَاطَ الَّذِيْنَ اَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْۙ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوْبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّآلِّيْنَ
    • "تمام تعریفیں اللہ کے لیے ہیں جو تمام جہانوں کا رب ہے۔" "رحمان اور رحیم ہے۔" "قیامت کے دن کا مالک ہے۔" "ہم صرف تیری عبادت کرتے ہیں اور تجھ ہی سے مدد چاہتے ہیں۔" "ہمیں سیدھے راستے پر چلا۔" "ان لوگوں کا راستہ جن پر تیرا انعام ہوا۔" "ان کا نہیں جن پر غضب کیا گیا اور نہ گمراہوں کا۔"
    • "All praise is for Allah, Lord of all the worlds." "The Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful." "Master of the Day of Judgment." "You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help." "Guide us on the Straight Path." "The path of those who have earned Your favor." "Not of those who have earned Your anger or gone astray."

    Another Surah (e.g., Surah Al-Ikhlas)

    • قُلْ هُوَ اللّٰهُ اَحَدٌ۔ اَللّٰهُ الصَّمَدُ۔ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُوْلَدْ۔ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهٗ كُفُوًا اَحَدٌ۔
    • "کہو، اللہ ایک ہے۔" "اللہ بے نیاز ہے۔" "نہ اس نے جنا، نہ جنا گیا۔" "اور نہ کوئی اس کے برابر ہے۔ے
    • "Say, He is Allah, the One." "Allah, the Eternal Refuge." "He neither begets nor is born." "Nor is there to Him any equivalent."
  3. Ruku (Bowing).

    While bowing, recite:

    • سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيْمِ
    • "پاک ہے میرا رب، جو عظیم ہے۔
    • "Glory is to my Lord, the Most Great."
  4. Sujood (Prostration)

    In prostration, recite::

    • سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلٰى
    • "پاک ہے میرا رب، جو سب سے بلند ہے
    • "Glory is to my Lord, the Most High."
  5. Jalsa (Sitting Between Sujood)

    Sit after first sajda and say:

    • رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي
    • "اے میرے رب، مجھے معاف کر دے۔
    • "My Lord, forgive me."
  6. Tashahhud (Testimony)

    Sit after second rakat and its second sajda then say:

    Attahiyat

    • لتَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَالصَّلَوَاتُ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ
    • "تمام زبانی، جسمانی اور مالی عبادات صرف اللہ کے لیے ہیں۔" "سلامتی ہو آپ پر، اے نبی، اور اللہ کی رحمت اور برکتیں۔" "سلامتی ہو ہم پر اور اللہ کے نیک بندوں پر۔" "میں گواہی دیتا ہوں کہ اللہ کے سوا کوئی معبود نہیں اور محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اللہ کے بندے اور رسول ہیں۔
    • "All verbal, physical, and monetary worship is for Allah." "Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah." "Peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah." "I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah, and Muhammad is His servant and Messenger."

    Darood Shareef

    • اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ
    • اللّٰہُمَّ صَلِّ عَلٰی مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلٰی آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، جِسْ طَرَحْ تُوْ نَے اِبْرَاہِیْمْ اور اُن کی آل پر دَرُود نازِلْ کِیا، بَے شَکْ تُوْ حَمْد کا لائِقْ اور بَہُت جَلَال والا ہے۔ اللّٰہُمَّ بَارِکْ عَلٰی مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلٰی آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، جِسْ طَرَحْ تُوْ نَے اِبْرَاہِیْمْ اور اُن کی آل پر بَرْکَت نازِلْ کِی، بَے شَکْ تُوْ حَمْد کا لائِقْ اور بَہُت جَلَال والا ہے۔
    • "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent blessings upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Indeed, You are Praiseworthy and Glorious. O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Indeed, You are Praiseworthy and Glorious."

    Duas

    • رَبِّ اجْعَلْنِي مُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةِ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلْ دُعَاءِ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْحِسَابٌُ
    • اے میرے رب! مجھے نماز قائم کرنے والا بنا اور میری اولاد میں سے بھی۔ اے ہمارے رب! اور میری دعا قبول فرما۔ اے ہمارے رب! مجھے، میرے والدین کو اور سب مومنوں کو معاف فرما، جس دن حساب قائم ہوگا۔
    • "My Lord, make me an establisher of prayer, and [also] from my descendants. Our Lord, and accept my supplication. Our Lord, forgive me and my parents and the believers the Day the account is established."
  7. Tasleem (Ending)

    Turn your head to the right and then to the left, saying::

    • السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ
    • "تم پر سلامتی ہو اور اللہ کی رحمت ہو۔
    • "Peace and mercy of Allah be upon you."
  8. Dua e qanoot (Only in witr of Isha prayer)

    Recite it in Qayam of thrid rakat of witr, after reciting surah-e-fatiha and other additional surah.

    • اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْتَعِينُكَ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَنُؤْمِنُ بِكَ وَنَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَيْكَ وَنُثْنِي عَلَيْكَ الْخَيْرَ كُلَّهُ وَنَشْكُرُكَ وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ وَنَخْلَعُ وَنَتْرُكُ مَنْ يَفْجُرُكَ اللَّهُمَّ إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَلَكَ نُصَلِّي وَنَسْجُدُ وَإِلَيْكَ نَسْعَى وَنَحْفِدُ وَنَرْجُو رَحْمَتَكَ وَنَخْشَى عَذَابَكَ إِنَّ عَذَابَكَ بِالْكُفَّارِ مُلْحَقٌ
    • اے اللہ! ہم تجھ سے مدد مانگتے ہیں اور تجھ سے بخشش طلب کرتے ہیں، اور تجھ پر ایمان رکھتے ہیں، اور تجھ پر بھروسہ کرتے ہیں، اور تجھ ہی کی بہترین تعریف کرتے ہیں۔ ہم تیرا شکر ادا کرتے ہیں اور تیری ناشکری نہیں کرتے، اور ہم ان لوگوں سے علیحدگی اختیار کرتے ہیں جو تیری نافرمانی کرتے ہیں۔ اے اللہ! ہم تیری ہی عبادت کرتے ہیں، اور تیرے ہی لیے نماز پڑھتے اور سجدہ کرتے ہیں، اور تیری ہی طرف دوڑتے اور کوشش کرتے ہیں۔ ہم تیری رحمت کے امید وار ہیں اور تیرے عذاب سے ڈرتے ہیں۔ بے شک تیرا عذاب کافروں کو لاحق ہونے والا ہے۔
    • "O Allah! We seek Your help and ask for Your forgiveness. We believe in You and rely on You, and we praise You with all goodness. We thank You and do not deny Your blessings, and we renounce and abandon those who disobey You. O Allah! You alone we worship, and for You alone, we pray and prostrate. To You alone, we strive and hasten. We hope for Your mercy and fear Your punishment. Indeed, Your punishment will overtake the disbelievers."

Benefits of Namaz

Namaz is both a spiritual and physical act of worship. It fosters discipline, purifies the soul, and keeps one mindful of Allah’s blessings. Physically, it promotes good posture, flexibility, and blood circulation.

Rational Integration of Common Scenarios

Summary of Namaz

Namaz isn’t just a ritual—it’s a cornerstone of a Muslim’s faith, life, and identity.

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FAQ's

Prayer Times

Muslims pray five times a day: Fajr (before sunrise), Dhuhr (after midday), Asr (mid-afternoon), Maghrib (just after sunset), and Isha (at night). Exact times depend on your location.

The time for Fajr prayer changes daily. You can check it using a local mosque website or a prayer time app.

Maghrib time is just after sunset. Check a prayer time app or mosque website for the exact time in London.

Asr is in the afternoon, between Dhuhr and Maghrib. Look up a local prayer timetable for today's time.

The first prayer, Fajr, is performed before sunrise.

The last prayer, Isha, is prayed at night, usually after Maghrib.

Prayer Practices

No, a prayer mat is not mandatory. You can pray on any clean surface.

Each prayer usually takes 5–10 minutes, depending on how long you spend reciting and supplicating.

Isha has 17 rakats: 4 Sunnah (optional), 4 Fard (compulsory), 2 Sunnah (optional), 2 Nafl (optional), 3 Witr (compulsory), and 2 Nafl (optional).

Yes, performing wudu (ablution) before prayer is a Sunnah and a requirement if one does not have wudu.

In Islam, prayer includes physical actions and spoken words. Silent personal supplications (duas) can be made in your head.

Special Prayers

  • Pray 2 rakats of Nafl prayer.
  • Recite the Istikhara supplication asking Allah for guidance.
  • Perform this with sincerity and leave the decision to Allah.

  • Perform 2 rakats, with extra Takbirs (7 in the first rakat and 5 in the second).
  • Recite Surahs as usual and listen to or reflect on an Eid sermon if possible.

  • Make up prayers as you can, starting with the Fard rakats of each missed prayer.
  • Intend to compensate for missed prayers.

  • Perform Dhuhr prayer (4 rakats of Fard).
  • Listen to or reflect on a khutbah (sermon) online or otherwise.

Other Common Questions

The Adhan is the call to prayer, recited by the muezzin to announce prayer times.

The Adhan includes phrases like "Allahu Akbar" (Allah is the Greatest) and "Hayya 'ala Salah" (Come to prayer).

  • On Eid al-Adha, it is Sunnah to eat after the prayer.
  • On Eid al-Fitr, it is Sunnah to eat something sweet, like dates, before the prayer.

It is called Jummah, a congregational prayer held every Friday after midday.

  • Sunrise.
  • When the sun is at its peak (noon)
  • Sunset

Leading and Gender-Specific Questions

Yes, a man can lead a woman in prayer.

In general, a man should lead mixed-gender prayers, but in some cases, like teaching, exceptions may occur.

Yes, she can sit, but she cannot pray until her menstrual period ends.

Attending Eid prayer is highly recommended for women, though not obligatory.

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